Types & Installation of Roof Tiles
The plain and interlocking are common types of tiles which frequently used in all through the globe.
BS5534 belongs to the code of practice for slating and tiling along with shingles, for pitched roofs and vertical tiling.
Plain tiles
Plain tiles are hand-built product. Normally these are created with clay, even though concrete is also utilized to make them.
They are available with a simple rectangular shape and standard size is 265 x 165 mm. Plain tiles should be placed double lapped i.e. there should remain two layers of tile all through the roof and at the end laps of the tiles the top tile should overlay with the tile underneath. These types of tiles are costly and the construction process becomes considerably slow due to double lapping and the small size. As a result the weight of roof become heavy.
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Interlocking tiles
Interlocking tiles overlay and interlock at their sides and these can be placed single lap. Earlier clay pantiles and roman tiles are used to produce them but now-a-days the tiles are built up with concrete. The standard size is 420 x 300 mm and these can be placed to angles as low as 15°. They are cost-effective because of their large size and single lap and can be placed rapidly. Their weight varies among 50-60% that of a plain tile covering.
Double lap tiling
Double lap tiling belong to the conventional covering for pitched roofs, specifically with plain tiles. Each tile contains minimum two nibs on the underside of its head with the purpose of suspending it on the support battons which are fixed over the rafters. Normally, if the roof exposure is high, only each fourth course of tiles is fixed. Double lap tiles are placed to a bond in order that the edge joints among the tiles remain in the centre of the tiles immediately under and above.
Typical double lap tiles are available with the following dimensions:
- Standard plain tile: 265 x 165 mm
- Eaves or top course tile: 190 x 165 mm
- Tile-and-a-half tile: 265 x 248 mm
- Half-round ridge tile: 300 or 450 x 200 mm
- Curved valley tile.
- Bonnet hip tile.
Single lap tiling
A single lap of one tile over another provides good resistance against the weather. Most single lap tiles contain a tongue-and-groove joint along the side edges to produce a wide array of interlocking joints. The weight of the overall roof covering is less with regards to double lap tiling, but the size of the batton size will be bigger. Single lap tiles should be mechanically secured with either a clip or nail.
Typical single lap tiles comprise the following:
Roll type tile
- Minimum pitch: 30-degrees.
- Head lap: 75 mm.
- Side lap: 30 mm.
- Gauge: 343 mm.
- Linear coverage: 300 mm.
Trough type tile
- Minimum pitch: 15-degrees./li>
- Head lap: 75 mm.
- Side lap: 38 mm.
- Gauge: 338 mm.
- Linear coverage: 292 mm.
Once the corners are fixed, rest wall is erected with exact measure to avoid any space among the blocks. An overlaying of the block is performed with the center of other blocks. After each 5-6 level of blocks a lentil should constructed with just two 6-8 mm iron rod and a perfect measurement should be kept to make the wall fully horizontal.
Repair and replacement
To get rid of the possibility of damage throughout the examination of roof tiles, several precautionary measures should be taken:
- Crawling boards for roof access.
- Roof ladders properly packed to resist damage to the roof covering.
- Application of access platforms.
Individual tiles which are damaged during or after installation should be substituted immediately. Occasionally, it needs stripping back a greater area of tiling, and sometimes the proper method will be the complete re-tiling of the roof. Superficial coatings, adhesives or other mechanical repairs are not recommended as perfect alternatives for replacing damaged tiles.
Substitution of interlocking tiles
An unfixed tile is detached with a trowel and timber wedges to put it upward slightly, in order that it can slipping off without the nibs being captured on the top of the batton. With the similar method, the replacement tile is inserted.
A fixed tile is detached by raising the tiles around it to disclose the nail/s. These are detached with a slate ripper or hacksaw blade. The tile is inserted with the similar method and again attached with the adjoining fixed tiles with an epoxy resin adhesive.
A clipped tile is detached by disconnecting the interlock and pulling the nail. A new clip and nail are fitted, so that the clip stands in the clip recess of the adjoining tile. When lots of damaged tiles are clipped, it is required to strip the roof back to the adjacent verge or valley/hip with the purpose of re-clipping the replacement tiles.
Substitution of plain tiles
The damaged tile is detached by lifting the tiles around it with a timber wedge, and sliding the tile out. A replacement tile is placed with the similar method in reverse, with nails or a dab of mastic arranged on the underside if required.